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:''See Amenemhat, for other individuals with this name.'' Amenemhat IV (also Amenemhet IV) was the seventh and penultimate〔Jürgen von Beckerath: ''Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen'', Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : Philip von Zabern, 1999, ISBN 3-8053-2591-6, see pp. 86–87, king No 7. and p. 283 for the dates of Amenemhat IV's reign.〕 pharaoh of the 12th Dynasty of Egypt (c. 1990–1800 BC) during the late Middle Kingdom period (c. 2050–1710 BC), ruling for over nine years in the late 19th century BC or the early 18th century BC.〔Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 30–32〕〔K.S.B. Ryholt: ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 BC'', Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, (excerpts available online here. )〕 Amenemhat IV may have been the son, grandson or step-son of his predecessor, the powerful Amenemhat III. His reign started with a two-year coregency with Amenemhat III and was seemingly peaceful. He undertook expeditions in the Sinai for turquoise, in Upper Egypt for amethyst and to the Land of Punt. He also maintained trade relations with Byblos as well as the Egyptian presence in Nubia. Amenemhat IV built some parts of the temple of Hathor at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai and constructed the well-preserved temple of Renenutet in Medinet Maadi. Amenemhat IV's tomb has not been identified, although the Southern Mazghuna pyramid is a possibility. He was succeeded by Sobekneferu, possibly his sister or step-sister, whose short reign marked the end of the 12th Dynasty and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom's decline into the Second Intermediate Period. __FORCETOC__ ==Family== Amenemhat IV was the son of a woman named Hetepi. Hetepi's only known attestation is an inscription on the wall of the temple of Renenutet at Medinet Maadi where she is given the title of "King's Mother" but not those of "King's Wife", "King's Daughter" or "King's Sister".〔 Consequently, her relation to Amenemhat III is unknown and she may have been non-royal. The relation of Amenemhat IV to Amenemhat III is similarly uncertain; the former could have been the son or grandson of the latter.〔〔 Similarly, while Manetho states that he married his half-sister Sobekneferu, this claim is not yet supported by archaeological evidence. In particular, Sobekneferu is not known to have borne the title of "King's Wife". Instead, the egyptologist Kim Ryholt proposes that Amenemhat IV was adopted by Amenemhat III and thus became Sobekneferu's step-brother, thereby explaining the Manethonian tradition.〔 Amenemhat may have died without a male heir, which could explain why he was succeeded by Sobekneferu.〔 However, some egyptologists, such as Aidan Dodson and Kim Ryholt, have proposed that the first two rulers of the 13th Dynasty, Sobekhotep I and Amenemhat Sonbef, were his sons.〔, p. 102〕 Amenenmhat IV may have been Sobeknefru's spouse, but no evidence currently substantiates this hypothesis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amenemhat IV」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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